molis N F

to debilitate

to enfeeble

to make weak

to sap

* * *

mōles, is, f. [prob. for mog-les; root magh-; cf. magnus; Gr. mochthos, mogein, mogis; cf.: mochlos, molīri, molestus; Germ. Mühe], a shapeless, huge, heavy mass, huge bulk.

Lit.

In gen. ( poet.):

Chaos, rudis indigestaque moles,

Ov. M. 1, 7:

vastā se mole moventem Pastorem Polyphemum,

Verg. A. 3, 656:

taurus et ipsa mole piger,

Juv. 12, 12:

stetit aequore moles Pinea,

i. e. a fleet of large ships, Prop. 4 (5), 6, 19.—

Esp.

A mass, pile, a cliff or ridge of rock:

in mole sedens,

Ov. M. 2, 12; 13, 923.—

A mass or pile of waves:

venti, tantas audetis tollere moles,

Verg. A. 1, 134; 5, 790.—

A huge, massive structure, esp. of stone; a dam, pier, mole; a foundation, etc. (freq. and class.):

molem atque aggerem ab utrāque parte litoris jaciebat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 25:

moles oppositae fluctibus,

moles, Cic. Off. 2, 4, 14; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 118:

aditus insulae muniti mirificis molibus,

id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

exstructa moles opere magnifico, incisaeque litterae, virtutis testes sempiternae,

a monument, id. Phil. 14, 12, 33:

moles propinqua nubibus,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 10:

insanae substructionum moles,

huge buildings, piles, Cic. Mil. 31, 85; Hor. C. 3, 1, 34:

sepulcri moles,

i. e. a tomb, Luc. 8, 865:

molem aggeris ultra venire,

Juv. 16, 26.—

A huge engine or machine, used at sieges:

velut celsam oppugnat qui molibus urbem,

Verg. A. 5, 439.—

Warlike apparatus, munitions of war:

belli,

Tac. H. 1, 61:

non alias majore mole concursum,

with a greater mass, id. A. 2, 46.—

Trop.

Greatness, might, power, strength, great quantity, heap:

moles pugnae,

Liv. 26, 6:

molem invidiae austinere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23; cf.:

moles mali,

id. ib. 3, 7, 17: vis consili expers mole ruit suā, Hor. [p. 1158] C. 3, 4, 65:

rerum,

Suet. Aug. 84:

fortunae,

Tac. A. 15, 52:

Herculea,

Sil. 12, 143:

densā ad muros mole feruntur,

a vast crowd, immense body, Verg. A. 12, 575:

curarum,

multitude, crowd, Tac. A. 12, 66:

tantae corporum moles in fugam consternati sunt,

Liv. 38, 46, 4.—

Difficulty, labor, trouble:

transveham naves haud magnā mole,

without great difficulty, Liv. 25, 11:

tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem,

so much labor did it cost, Verg. A. 1, 33:

Corbuloni plus molis adversus ignaviam militum, quam, etc.,

Tac. A. 13, 35.

suspendo, di, sum, 3, v. a. [sus, from subs, for sub; v. sub, III., and pendo], to hang up, hang, suspend (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

pernas suspendito in vento biduum... suspendito in fumo biduum... suspendito in carnario,

Cato, R. R. 162, 3:

aliquid in fumo,

Plin. 30, 4, 11, § 31:

suspensae in litore vestes,

Lucr. 1, 305:

religata ad pinnam muri reste suspensus,

Liv. 8, 16, 9:

oscilla ex altā pinu,

Verg. G. 2, 389:

columbam malo ab alto,

id. A. 5, 489:

tignis nidum suspendat hirundo,

id. G. 4, 307:

habilem arcum umeris,

id. A. 1, 318:

stamina telā,

Ov. M. 6, 576:

aliquid collo,

Plin. 37, 9, 40, § 124:

(ranae) suspensae pedibus,

id. 32, 8, 29, § 92; Col. 7, 10, 3:

aliquid e collo,

Plin. 23, 7, 63, § 125:

allium super prunas,

id. 19, 6, 34, § 115:

vitem sub ramo,

id. 17, 23, 35, § 209:

cocleam in fumo,

id. 30, 4, 11, § 31: aliquid lance, to weigh, Pert. 4, 10; cf.:

in trutinā Homerum,

Juv. 6, 438:

suspendi a jugulis suis gladios obsecrantes,

Amm. 17, 12, 16:

se suspendit fenestrā,

i. e. to look out, App. M. p. 148, 6.— Poet.:

nec sua credulitas piscem suspenderat hamo,

had hung, caught, Ov. M. 15, 101.—In a Greek construction: [p. 1820] (pueri) laevo suspensi loculos tabulamque lacerto, with their satchels hanging on their arms, Hor. S. 1, 6, 74; id. Ep. 1, 1, 56.—

In partic.

Pregn., of persons.

To choke to death by hanging, to hang (cf.:

suffoco, strangulo): capias restim ac te suspendas,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 184; cf. id. Pers. 5, 2, 34:

nisi me suspendo, occidi,

id. Rud. 5, 3 59:

se suspendere,

id. Trin. 2, 4, 135; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 56, § 129; id. Att. 13, 40, 1: caput obnubito: arbori infelici suspendito, Lex. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; Liv. 1, 26, 6:

uxorem suam suspendisse se de ficu,

Cic. de Or. 2, 69, 278:

se e ficu,

Quint. 6, 3, 88:

hominem in oleastro,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 57:

more vel intereas capti suspensus Achaei,

Ov. Ib. 297:

aliquem in furcā,

Dig. 48, 13, 6; cf.:

virgines, quae corporibus suspensis demortuae forent,

Gell. 15, 10, 2.—

To hang at the whipping-post; pass., to be flogged, Amm. 15, 7, 4.—

Of offerings in a temple, to hang up, dedicate, consecrate:

votas vestes,

Verg. A. 12, 769; cf. id. ib. 9, 408:

arma capta patri Quirino,

id. ib. 6, 859:

vestimenta maris deo,

Hor. C. 1, 5, 15:

insignia,

Tib. 2, 4, 23.—

Esp., of buildings, to build upon arches or vaults, to arch or vault: primus balneola suspendit, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 194, 14; cf. id. Top. 4, 22:

pavimenta,

Pall. 1, 20, 2:

cameras harundinibus,

to arch over, Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 156:

castra saxis praeruptis,

to build on, Sil. 3, 556:

velabra,

Amm. 14, 6, 25:

duo tigna... suspenderent eam contignationem,

propped up, supported, Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2; cf. id. ib. § 5.—

Transf. (with esp. reference to the thing beneath), to prop up, hold up, support:

muro suspenso furculis,

Liv. 38, 7, 9:

agentem ex imo rimas insulam,

Sen. Ben. 6, 15, 5:

tellus ligneis columnis suspenditur,

Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 68:

dolia subjectis parvis tribus lapidibus suspenduntur,

Col. 12, 18, 6; cf. id. 2, 15, 6; 3, 13, 8:

orbis Libycos Indis dentibus,

tables with ivory feet, Mart. 2, 43, 9:

cum terra levis virgultaque molem suspendant,

Luc. 3, 397; Petr. 135:

pes summis digitis suspenditur,

is raised on tiptoe, Quint. 11, 3, 125.—

Esp., of ploughing, etc., to lift up, raise:

si non fuerit tellus fecunda... tenui sat erit suspendere sulco,

Verg. G. 1, 68:

ripas... litora multo vomere suspendere,

Stat. Th. 4, 181; cf.:

vineam in summā terrā suspendere,

Col. 3, 13.—

Trop.; pass. suspendi, to depend, rest, etc.

In gen. (very rare):

extrinsecus aut bene aut male vivendi suspensas habere rationes,

dependent upon externals, Cic. Fam. 5, 13, 1:

cui viro ex se ipso apta sunt omnia, nec suspensa aliorum aut bono casu aut contrario pendere, etc.,

id. Tusc. 5, 12, 36:

genus, ex quo ceterae species suspensae sunt,

Sen. Ep. 58, 7:

numquam crediderim felicem ex felicitate suspensum,

id. ib. 98, 1.—

In partic., to cause to be suspended, i. e.,

To make uncertain or doubtful, to keep in suspense:

medio responso rem suspenderunt,

Liv. 39, 29, 1:

illa Suspendit animos fictā gravitate rogantum,

Ov. M. 7, 308:

ea res omnium animos exspectatione suspenderat,

Curt. 9, 7, 20:

aliquem exspectatione,

Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 3:

diu judicum animos,

Quint. 9, 2, 22; cf.:

senatum ambiguis responsis,

Suet. Tib. 24:

suspensa ac velut dubitans oratio,

Quint. 10, 7, 22:

exspectationem,

Curt. 7, 4, 14; cf. infra, in the P. a. —

To stay, stop, check, interrupt, suspend (syn. supprimo):

nec jam suspendere fletum Sustinet,

Ov. F. 4, 849:

lacrimas,

id. Am. 1, 7, 57:

spiritum,

Quint. 1, 8, 1:

sermonem,

Quint. 11, 3, 35 sq.:

fluxiones oculorum,

Plin. 28, 7, 21, § 73:

epiphoras,

id. 25, 12, 91, § 143:

causas morbi,

Veg. Vet. 3, 65, 5:

gressum,

id. ib. 2, 55, 3:

manum tuam,

id. ib. 2, 40, 3; cf. P. a. 2. infra. —

To hang or fix upon something:

suspendit pictā vultum mentemque tabellā,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 97.—

Aliquem or aliquid naso (adunco), to turn up one ' s nose at, to sneer at a person or thing (Horatian):

naso suspendis adunco Ignotos,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 5:

Balatro suspendens omnia naso,

id. ib. 2, 8, 64.—

Of a temporary removal from office, to suspend:

duobus hunc (episcopum) mensibus, Greg. M. Ep. 3, 46: ab officio suspensus,

id. ib. —Hence, suspen-sus, a, um, P. a.

Lit. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug-prose).

Raised, elerated, suspended: Roma cenaculis sublata atque suspensa, Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96; so,

saxis suspensam hanc aspice rupem,

Verg. A. 8, 190: equi illi Neptunii, qui per undas currus suspensos rapuisse dicuntur, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 67; cf.:

vel mare per medium fluctu suspensa tumenti Ferret iter,

skimming lightly over the waters, Verg. A. 7, 810:

(corus) suspensum in terras portat mare,

raised on high, Sil. 1, 470:

suspensis auribus,

Prop. 3, 6 (4, 5), 8:

aura suspensa levisque,

Lucr. 3, 196:

terra,

loosened, loose, Col. 11, 3, 54:

suspensissimum pastinatum,

id. 3, 13, 7:

(oliva) inicitur quam mundissimis molis suspensis ne nucleus frangatur,

id. 12, 51, 2, and 54, 2:

radix suspensa pariter et mersa,

Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 6:

suspensum inter nubila corpus,

Sil. 12, 94; 1, 470:

loco ab umore suspenso,

Pall. 1, 40, 1:

alituum suspensa cohors,

Sen. Phoen. 77.—

Transf., suspended, i. e. pressing or touching lightly, light:

suspenso gradu placide ire perrexi,

on tiptoe, Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 28; so,

gradu,

Ov. F. 1, 426; 6, 338; cf.:

evagata noctu suspenso pede,

Phaedr. 2, 4, 18:

pedes,

Sen. Contr. 1 praef. fin.:

suspensa levans digitis vestigia primis,

Verg. Cir. 212:

vestigia,

Sil. 15, 617:

suspensā manu commendare aliquem,

slightly, Plin. Ep. 6, 12, 1:

suspensis dentibus,

Lucr. 5, 1069:

suspensis passibus,

Amm. 14, 2, 31:

molis suspensis,

Col. 12, 51, 2; 12, 54, 2.—

Trop.

Uncertain, hovering, doubtful, wavering, hesitating, in suspense, undetermined, anxious (the predom. and class. signif.;

syn.: incertus, dubius): nolo suspensam et incertam plebem Romanam obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere,

Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66; cf.:

civitas suspensa metu,

id. ib. 1, 8, 23:

suspensum me tenes,

id. Att. 10, 1, 2:

maneo Thessalonicae suspensus,

id. ib. 3, 8, 2; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43:

tot populos inter spem metumque suspensos animi habetis,

Liv. 8, 13:

suspensus animus et sollicitus,

Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:

suspenso animo exspectare, quod quis agat,

id. ib. 4, 15, 10:

animus,

id. de Or. 1, 56, 239; id. Fam. 16, 3, 2; id. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 14:

animus suspensus curis majoribus,

id. Phil. 7, 1, 1:

auditā inspectāque re, omnia suspensa neutro inclinatis sententiis reliquere,

Liv. 34, 62, 16:

dimissis suspensā re legatis,

id. 31, 32, 5.— Comp.:

exercitus suspensiore animo, Auct. B. Afr. 48, 3: suspensus incertusque vultus, coloris mutatio,

Cic. Clu. 19, 54; 3, 8; cf.: hominum exspectationem et spem rei publicae suspensam tenere, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 1; Cic. Fam. 11, 8, 1:

suspensam dubiamque noctem spe ac metu exegimus,

Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 19:

pro homine amicissimo,

id. ib. 8, 5, 3:

munera suspensi plena timoris,

Ov. H. 16, 84 Ruhnk.:

suspensa et obscura verba,

Tac. A. 1, 11.— Neutr. absol.:

quare non semper illam (nequitiam) in suspenso relinquam?

Sen. Ep. 97, 14:

est suspensum et anxium, de eo, quem ardentissime diligas, interdum nihil scire,

Plin. Ep. 6, 4, 3:

rem totam in suspenso reliqui,

id. ib. 10, 31 (40), 4:

ipse in suspenso tenuit,

Tac. H. 1, 78 fin.:

si adhuc in suspenso sit statuta libertas,

Dig. 9, 4, 15; Just. Inst. 1, 12, 5.—

Of goods held under a lien or judgment:

suspensis amici bonis libellum deicio creditoribus ejus me obligaturus,

Sen. Ben. 4, 12, 3.—

Dependent:

qui fideles nobis socii, qui dubii suspensaeque ex fortunā fidei,

Liv. 44, 18, 4:

animos ex tam levibus momentis fortunae suspensos,

id. 4, 32, 2.

* * *

n. (in later language alsoﾠ m.;

căpax, ācis, adj. [capio], that can contain or hold much, wide, large, spacious, roomy, capacious (in poets and in post-Aug. prose freq.; in Cic. perh. only once, and then trop; v. infra).

Lit.: mundus, * Lucr. 6, 123:

conchae,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 22:

urna,

id. ib. 3, 1, 16; Ov. M. 3, 172:

capaciores scyphos,

Hor. Epod. 9, 33:

pharetram,

Ov. M. 9, 231:

putei,

id. ib. 7, 568:

urbs,

id. ib. 4, 439:

ripae,

id. Am. 3, 6, 19:

uterus,

Plin. 10, 33, 49, § 93:

portus,

id. 4, 7, 12, § 26:

spatiosa et capax domus,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 5:

villa usibus capax,

id. ib. 2, 17, 4:

forma capacissima,

Quint. 1, 10, 40:

moles,

Tac. A. 2, 21.—With gen.:

circus capax populi,

Ov. A. A. 1, 136:

cibi vinique capacissimus,

Liv. 9, 16, 13:

flumen onerariarum navium capax,

Plin. 6, 23, 26, § 99; 12, 1, 5, § 11:

magnae sedis insula haud capax est,

Curt. 4, 8, 2.—

Trop.

Capacious, susceptible, capable of, good, able, apt, fit for: Demosthenes non semper implet aures meas: ita sunt avidae et capaces, etc., * Cic. Or. 29, 104:

ingenium,

great, Ov. M. 8, 533:

animi ad praecepta,

id. ib. 8, 243:

animo majora capaci,

id. ib. 15, 5:

capax est animus noster,

Sen. Ep. 92, 30.—With gen.:

animal mentis capacius altae (i.e. homo),

Ov. M. 1, 76:

imperii,

Tac. H. 1, 49; cf. id. A. 1, 13:

aetas honorum nondum capax,

id. H. 4, 42:

molis tantae mens,

id. A. 1,11: secreti, that can keep or conceal, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 7:

capacia bonae spei pectora,

Curt. 8, 13, 11:

magnorum operum,

id. 6, 5, 29:

ingenium omnium bonarum artium capacissimum,

Sen. Contr. 2, praef. §

4: cujusque clari operis capacia ingenia,

Vell. 1, 16, 2:

bonum et capax recta discendi ingenium,

id. 2, 29, 5:

laboris ac fidei,

id. 2, 127, 3:

ingenia fecunda et totius naturae capacissima,

Plin. 2, 78, 80, § 190:

doli,

fit, suitable for, Dig. 43, 4, 1.—

In the Lat. of the jurists (cf. capio, II. F.), that has a right to an inheritance, Dig. 34, 3, 29.— Adv.: căpācĭter, Aug. Trin. 11, 2.

căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:

capiti,

Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].

The head, of men and animals:

oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,

Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:

tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,

cano capite,

id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:

capitis nives,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:

raso capite calvus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:

irraso,

id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:

intonsum,

Quint. 12, 10, 47:

amputare alicui,

Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:

capite operto,

Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:

obvoluto,

id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:

caput aperire,

id. ib.:

abscindere cervicibus,

id. ib. 11, 2, 5:

demittere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:

extollere,

to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—

Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:

ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,

over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:

nec caput nec pedes,

neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—

Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—

Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:

aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,

run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—

Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—

Transf., of inanimate things.

In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):

ulpici,

Cato, R. R. 71:

allii,

Col. 6, 34, 1:

porri,

id. 11, 3, 17:

papaveris,

Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:

bulborum,

Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

caulis,

id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:

jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),

Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:

extorum,

Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:

tignorum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

columnae,

Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:

molis,

the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:

xysti,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:

porticus,

id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—

Esp., of rivers,

The origin, source, spring ( head):

caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,

Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:

fontium,

Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—

(more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—

Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:

vitis,

id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—

Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —

Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—

Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;

hence, facere,

to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—

Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;

v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:

hoc conruptum'st caput,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:

siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,

id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:

ridiculum caput!

Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:

festivum,

id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:

lepidum,

id. ib. 5, 9, 9:

carum,

Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

liberum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

vilia,

Liv. 25, 6, 9:

viliora,

id. 9, 26, 22:

vilissima,

id. 24, 5, 13:

ignota,

id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:

liberorum servorumque,

id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:

istic capiti dicito,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

vae capiti tuo,

id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:

capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,

souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:

quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:

in singulos,

id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:

exactio capitum,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,

capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,

Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—

Trop.

Life, and specif.,

Physical life:

carum,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:

si capitis res siet,

if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:

capitis poena,

capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

pactum pro capite pretium,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,

id. ib. 1, 12, 38:

cum dimicatione capitis,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

suo capite decernere,

id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:

caput offerre pro patriā,

Cic. Sull. 30, 84:

patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,

Ov. M. 8, 94; so,

capitis accusare,

to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:

absolvere,

id. Milt. 7, 6:

damnare,

id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:

tergo ac capite puniri,

Liv. 3, 55, 14:

caput Jovi sacrum,

id. 3, 55, 7:

sacratum,

id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—

Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;

cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,

Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:

capitis minor,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:

servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,

Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—

The first or chief person or thing, the head, leader, chief, guide (very freq.).

With gen.:

scelerum,

an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:

perjuri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 55:

concitandorum Graecorum,

Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

consilil,

Liv. 8, 31, 7:

conjurationis,

id. 9, 26, 7:

caput rei Romanae Camillus,

id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,

id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:

reipublicae,

Tac. A. 1, 13:

nominis Latini,

heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:

belli,

id. 45, 7, 3:

Suevorum,

chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:

capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,

Liv. 10, 1, 3.—

With esse and dat.:

ego caput fui argento reperiundo,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:

illic est huic rei caput,

author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—

Absol.:

urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

corpori valido caput deerat,

guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:

esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,

id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;

thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,

head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:

pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,

Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:

Romam caput Latio esse,

id. 8, 4, 5; and:

brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,

id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:

castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,

the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:

jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,

the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

patrimonii publici,

id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,

id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;

ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,

id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:

litterarum,

summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

caput Epicuri,

the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:

a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,

Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:

id quod caput est,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;

opp. usurae),

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:

capiti,

Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].

The head, of men and animals:

oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,

Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:

tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,

cano capite,

id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:

capitis nives,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:

raso capite calvus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:

irraso,

id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:

intonsum,

Quint. 12, 10, 47:

amputare alicui,

Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:

capite operto,

Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:

obvoluto,

id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:

caput aperire,

id. ib.:

abscindere cervicibus,

id. ib. 11, 2, 5:

demittere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:

extollere,

to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—

Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:

ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,

over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:

nec caput nec pedes,

neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—

Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—

Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:

aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,

run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—

Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—

Transf., of inanimate things.

In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):

ulpici,

Cato, R. R. 71:

allii,

Col. 6, 34, 1:

porri,

id. 11, 3, 17:

papaveris,

Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:

bulborum,

Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

caulis,

id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:

jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),

Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:

extorum,

Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:

tignorum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

columnae,

Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:

molis,

the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:

xysti,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:

porticus,

id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—

Esp., of rivers,

The origin, source, spring ( head):

caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,

Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:

fontium,

Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—

(more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—

Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:

vitis,

id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—

Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —

Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—

Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;

hence, facere,

to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—

Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;

v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:

hoc conruptum'st caput,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:

siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,

id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:

ridiculum caput!

Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:

festivum,

id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:

lepidum,

id. ib. 5, 9, 9:

carum,

Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

liberum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

vilia,

Liv. 25, 6, 9:

viliora,

id. 9, 26, 22:

vilissima,

id. 24, 5, 13:

ignota,

id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:

liberorum servorumque,

id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:

istic capiti dicito,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

vae capiti tuo,

id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:

capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,

souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:

quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:

in singulos,

id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:

exactio capitum,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,

capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,

Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—

Trop.

Life, and specif.,

Physical life:

carum,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:

si capitis res siet,

if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:

capitis poena,

capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

pactum pro capite pretium,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,

id. ib. 1, 12, 38:

cum dimicatione capitis,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

suo capite decernere,

id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:

caput offerre pro patriā,

Cic. Sull. 30, 84:

patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,

Ov. M. 8, 94; so,

capitis accusare,

to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:

absolvere,

id. Milt. 7, 6:

damnare,

id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:

tergo ac capite puniri,

Liv. 3, 55, 14:

caput Jovi sacrum,

id. 3, 55, 7:

sacratum,

id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—

Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;

cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,

Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:

capitis minor,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:

servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,

Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—

The first or chief person or thing, the head, leader, chief, guide (very freq.).

With gen.:

scelerum,

an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:

perjuri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 55:

concitandorum Graecorum,

Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

consilil,

Liv. 8, 31, 7:

conjurationis,

id. 9, 26, 7:

caput rei Romanae Camillus,

id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,

id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:

reipublicae,

Tac. A. 1, 13:

nominis Latini,

heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:

belli,

id. 45, 7, 3:

Suevorum,

chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:

capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,

Liv. 10, 1, 3.—

With esse and dat.:

ego caput fui argento reperiundo,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:

illic est huic rei caput,

author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—

Absol.:

urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

corpori valido caput deerat,

guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:

esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,

id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;

thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,

head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:

pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,

Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:

Romam caput Latio esse,

id. 8, 4, 5; and:

brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,

id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:

castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,

the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:

jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,

the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

patrimonii publici,

id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,

id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;

ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,

id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:

litterarum,

summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

caput Epicuri,

the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:

a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,

Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:

id quod caput est,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;

opp. usurae),

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

com-mĭnŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a., to make small, either by breaking into many small parts, or by removing parts from the whole (class. in prose and poetry).

To separate into small parts, to break or crumble to pieces, to crush, split, etc.: saxo cere comminuit brum, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 412 (Ann. v. 586 Vahl.):

fores et postes securibus,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 31:

ossa atque artua illo scipione,

id. Men. 5, 2, 103:

tibi caput,

id. Rud. 4, 4, 74:

illi statuam... deturbant, affligunt, comminuunt, dissipant,

Cic. Pis. 38, 93:

scalas,

Sall. J. 60, 7:

anulum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56:

lapidem,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233:

vitrea,

Stat. S. 1, 6, 73:

fabas molis,

Ov. Med. Fac. 72:

vasa crystallina,

Petr. 64.—Also of medicines:

calculos,

Plin. 20, 4, 13, § 23.—Fig.: diem articulatim, i.e. to divide into hours, Plaut. ap. Gell. 3, 3, 5.—

To lessen, diminish.

Lit. (very rare): argenti pondus et auri, * Hor. S. 1, 1, 43:

opes civitatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 98:

regni opes,

Sall. J. 62, 1.—

Transf. to persons:

re familiari comminuti sumus,

Cic. Att. 4, 3, 6.—

Trop. (freq.), to weaken, impair, enervate:

nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque solenne, quod non avaritia comminuere atque violare soleat,

Cic. Quint. 8, 26:

ingenia,

Quint. 1, 7, 33; cf.:

ingenii vires,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 34;

and, animum,

Plin. Ep. 9, 2, 1.—

Transf. to persons:

Viriathus, quem C. Laelius praetor fregit et comminuit,

Cic. Off. 2, 11, 40;

so of enemies,

Flor. 1, 3, 3; 2, 6, 28:

nec te natalis origo Comminuit (i. e. animum tuum),

Ov. M. 12, 472:

lacrimis comminuēre meis, i.e. vinceris, commoveberis,

id. H. 3, 134.

frango, frēgi, fractum, 3, v. a. [root in Gr. FPAT, rhêgnumi, rhêgma, rhôgaleos; Goth. Brikkan; Irish brissim; Germ. brechen; Engl. break; but cf. Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 182, and v. the letter F], to break, break in pieces, dash to pieces, shiver, break in two (cf.: rumpo, diffringo).

Lit.: hastas frangit quatitque, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 435 ed. Vahl.); cf.: aes sonit, franguntur hastae, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 504, 33 (Trag. v. 213 ed. Vahl.): fraxinus frangitur atque abies consternitur alta, is broken, felled, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 195 ed. Vahl.):

simulacra,

Lucr. 6, 419:

milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo: ergo alter alterius ubicumque nactus est ova, frangit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

anulus aureus fractus et comminatus est,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56:

compluribus navibus fractis,

dashed to pieces, Caes. B. G. 4, 29, 3:

naves,

Hor. A. P. 20:

navem is fregit apud Andrum insulam,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 17; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 44, 57:

domus fracta conjectu lapidum,

Cic. Att. 4, 3, 2:

janua frangatur, latret canis,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 128:

patinam,

id. ib. 2, 8, 72:

lagenam,

id. ib. 81:

crystallina,

Mart. 14, 111:

aulas in caput,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21:

corpora ad saxum,

Verg. A. 3, 625:

vindices rerum capitalium laqueo gulam fregere,

broke his neck, strangled him, Sall. C. 55, 5:

cervices civium Romanorum in carcere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147; id. Vatin. 11, 26:

senile guttur parentis impiā manu,

Hor. Epod. 3, 2:

cerebrum,

Verg. A. 5, 413:

brachium,

Cic. de Or. 2, 62, 253; cf.

coxam,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

crus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 59:

crura,

Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 27; Suet. Aug. 67; id. Tib. 44; Vulg. Johan. 19, 31:

cornu in arbore,

Ov. F. 5, 121:

non ego te, tigris ut aspera Gaetulusve leo, frangere persequor,

to tear in pieces, Hor. C. 1, 23, 10; cf.:

indomitos ut cum Massyla per arva Armenti reges magno leo fregit hiatu, etc.,

Stat. Th. 11, 28; Val. Fl. 2, 458; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 150:

nubes in montem actae non franguntur, sed circumfunduntur,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 28, 2.—

Transf., in gen., to break up small, to grind, bruise, crush (freq. since the Aug. per.):

glebam bidentibus,

Verg. G. 2, 400;

glebas,

id. ib. 3, 161:

fruges robore saxi,

Lucr. 1, 882:

farra saxo,

Val. Fl. 2, 448:

hordeum molis,

Plin. 18, 7, 14, § 72:

granum dentibus,

id. 18, 24, 54, § 196:

fabam,

id. 19, 3, 15, § 40:

glandem (sues),

Verg. G. 2, 72:

testes homini,

Plin. 11, 49, 110, § 263:

toros,

to press, throw one's self upon, Mart. 2, 59, 3; 4, 8, 6: comam in gradus, to twist, braid, Quint. 1, 6, 44:

mare montis ad ejus Radices frangit fluctus,

breaks, Lucr. 6, 695; cf.:

quam (fortunam) existimo levem et imbecillam ab animo firmo et gravi tamquam fluctum a saxo frangi oportere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 6:

fluctus (scopulus),

Luc. 6, 266:

undam,

Ov. F. 4, 282:

aquas,

Quint. 9, 4, 7:

amnem nando,

Luc. 8, 374; cf. Sil. 3, 457; 8, 555:

iter,

i. e. turn off from it, Stat. Th. 12, 232.

Trop., to break down, subdue, weaken, diminish, violate; to soften, move, touch:

quem (Viriathum) C. Laelius praetor ita fregit et comminuit ferocitatemque ejus ita repressit, ut, etc.,

broke down, subdued, Cic. Off. 2, 11 fin.; cf.:

fractam illam et debilitatam vim suam, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

quem series immensa laborum fregerit,

Ov. H. 9, 6:

nationes frangere domareque,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 33:

proeliis calamitatibusque fracti,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7:

victi sumus igitur, aut, si vinci dignitas non potest, fracti certe et abjecti,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

te ut ulla res frangat?

would break, shake thy resolution, id. Cat. 1, 9, 22; cf.:

frangi metu, cupiditate,

id. Off. 1, 20, 68:

fractus ac debilitatus metu,

id. de Or. 1, 26, 121:

flecti animo atque frangi,

id. Sull. 6, 18:

frangi animo,

id. Phil. 2, 15, 37:

dolore,

id. Fin. 2, 29, 95:

misericordiā,

id. Att. 7, 12, 3:

pudore,

id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48 et simil.; cf.

also: aliquem auctoritate,

id. ib. 1, 21 fin.:

aliquem patientiā,

id. Brut. 25, 95: quae (vis) summas frangit infirmatque opes, Poët. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 28:

debilitatur ac frangitur eloquentia,

Tac. Dial. 39:

mollis illa educatio, quam indulgentiam vocamus, nervos omnes et mentis et corporis frangit,

Quint. 1, 2, 6:

frangitur vox,

id. 11, 3, 20; cf. id. 12, 11, 2:

vox Auditur fractos sonitus imitata tubarum,

Verg. G. 4, 72:

et illa (littera), quae est sexta nostrarum (i. e. F) quoties aliquam consonantem frangit, ut in hoc ipso frangit, multo fit horridior,

i. e. weakens, Quint. 12, 10, 29 Spald. (v. the passage in its connection); cf. id. 1, 4, 11:

primum divisit ineleganter: duo enim genera quae erant, fecit tria: hoc est non dividere, sed frangere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 26; cf.:

frangas citius quam corrigas, quae in pravum induruerunt,

Quint. 1, 3, 12:

bellum proeliis frangere,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

dignitatem,

id. Fam. 9, 16, 6:

hunc (pedum dolorem) abstinentiā, sanctitate vicit et fregit,

Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 5:

ut equorum cursum delicati minutis passibus frangunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 113:

animos frangi et debilitari molestiā,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2:

ingenium (mala),

Ov. Tr. 3, 14, 33:

sublimia pectora (Venus et vinum),

id. F. 1, 301:

ego unus contudi et fregi exsultantis praedonis audaciam,

Cic. Phil. 13, 13 fin.; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 301, 8 (id. Rep. 3, 36 ed. Mos.):

furorem et petulantiam alicujus,

id. Pis. 14, 31:

libidines,

id. Leg. 3, 13, 31:

odium iramque (risus),

Quint. 6, 3, 9:

impetum cogitationis (membranae),

id. 10, 3, 31:

consilium alicujus,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 4; cf.:

sententiam alicujus,

id. ib. 1, 4, 1:

foedus,

id. Pis. 12, 28; id. Scaur. 42:

fidem,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 16:

jura pudicitiae,

Prop. 4 (5), 5, 28:

mandata,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 19:

fas,

Grat. Cyneg. 451:

morantem diem mero (= breviorem reddere),

to shorten, Hor. C. 2, 7, 6:

vina,

i. e. to weaken, dilute, Mart. 14, 103; Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 138:

cum frangerem jam ipse me cogeremque illa ferre toleranter,

Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 2:

nec animus tantis se laboribus frangeret, neque, etc.,

id. Arch. 11, 29:

ante quam calores aut frigora se fregerunt,

diminished, abated, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 18; cf.:

Scaevola paulum quiescet, dum se calor frangat,

Cic. de Or. 1, 62, 265:

fracti aestus et nondum orta frigora,

Cels. 7, 7, 4 fin.; cf.:

fluctus se frangit,

Sen. Med. 392:

glacies se frangit,

id. Q. N. 4, 5, 4.—Hence, fractus, a, um, P. a., weakened, weak, feeble, faint:

jamque adeo fracta est aetas effetaque tellus Vix animalia parva creat,

Lucr. 2, 1151:

quod me audis fractiorem esse animo,

i. e. more disheartened, less courageous, Cic. Att. 11, 12, 4; cf.:

spes amplificandae fortunae fractior,

id. Lael. 16, 59:

in compositione fractus,

powerless, feeble, Quint. 12, 10, 12; cf.:

quid est tam fractum, tam minutum, tam in ipsa concinnitate puerile?

Cic. Brut. 83, 287; and:

corruptum et omnibus vitiis fractum dicendi genus,

Quint. 10, 1, 125: corrupta oratio maxime comprehensione obscura, compositione fracta consistit, id. [p. 777] 8, 3, 57:

effeminata et fracta impudicis modis (musice),

id. 1, 10, 31.

frīgo, xi (acc. to Diom. p. 369 P.), ctum (frixum, Sid. Ep. 8, 14), 3, v. a. [cf. phrugô], to roast, parch, fry (syn.:

torreo, coquo): sesquilibram salis frigito,

Cato, R. R. 106, 1:

frictae nuces,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 113:

frigunt hordeum, deinde molis frangunt,

Plin. 18, 7, 14, § 72:

fabas,

Ov. Med. 70:

triticum frictum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21:

frictum panicum, milium,

Cels. 2, 30:

frictum cicer, nux,

Hor. A. P. 249:

fricta faba,

Plin. 22, 25, 69, § 140:

ova fricta ex oleo,

id. 29, 3, 11, § 44:

simila frixa in sartagine,

Sid. Ep. 8, 14; Vulg. Lev. 6, 21 al.—

Trop.:

Tam frictum ego illum reddam, quam frictumst cicer,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 7; cf. Hor. A. P. 249 supra.

frĭgo, ĕre, v. n. [the root of friguttio], to denote the natural sound of little children, to squeak, squeal: Afran. ap. Non. 308, 16 (Fragm. Com. v. 247 Rib.).

frĭgo, ĕre, v. a., acc. to Novius, i. q. erigo, to erect, Att. ap. Non. 308, 7 sq. and 7, 10 (Fragm. Trag. v. 441, 463 Rib.); Varr. ib.

căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:

capiti,

Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].

The head, of men and animals:

oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,

Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:

tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,

cano capite,

id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:

capitis nives,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:

raso capite calvus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:

irraso,

id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:

intonsum,

Quint. 12, 10, 47:

amputare alicui,

Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:

capite operto,

Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:

obvoluto,

id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:

caput aperire,

id. ib.:

abscindere cervicibus,

id. ib. 11, 2, 5:

demittere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:

extollere,

to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—

Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:

ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,

over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:

nec caput nec pedes,

neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—

Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—

Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:

aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,

run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—

Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—

Transf., of inanimate things.

In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):

ulpici,

Cato, R. R. 71:

allii,

Col. 6, 34, 1:

porri,

id. 11, 3, 17:

papaveris,

Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:

bulborum,

Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

caulis,

id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:

jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),

Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:

extorum,

Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:

tignorum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

columnae,

Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:

molis,

the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:

xysti,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:

porticus,

id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—

Esp., of rivers,

The origin, source, spring ( head):

caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,

Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:

fontium,

Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—

(more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—

Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:

vitis,

id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—

Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —

Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—

Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;

hence, facere,

to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—

Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;

v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:

hoc conruptum'st caput,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:

siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,

id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:

ridiculum caput!

Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:

festivum,

id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:

lepidum,

id. ib. 5, 9, 9:

carum,

Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

liberum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

vilia,

Liv. 25, 6, 9:

viliora,

id. 9, 26, 22:

vilissima,

id. 24, 5, 13:

ignota,

id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:

liberorum servorumque,

id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:

istic capiti dicito,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

vae capiti tuo,

id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:

capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,

souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:

quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:

in singulos,

id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:

exactio capitum,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,

capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,

Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—

Trop.

Life, and specif.,

Physical life:

carum,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:

si capitis res siet,

if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:

capitis poena,

capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

pactum pro capite pretium,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,

id. ib. 1, 12, 38:

cum dimicatione capitis,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

suo capite decernere,

id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:

caput offerre pro patriā,

Cic. Sull. 30, 84:

patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,

Ov. M. 8, 94; so,

capitis accusare,

to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:

absolvere,

id. Milt. 7, 6:

damnare,

id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:

tergo ac capite puniri,

Liv. 3, 55, 14:

caput Jovi sacrum,

id. 3, 55, 7:

sacratum,

id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—

Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;

cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,

Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:

capitis minor,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:

servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,

Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—

The first or chief person or thing, the head, leader, chief, guide (very freq.).

With gen.:

scelerum,

an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:

perjuri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 55:

concitandorum Graecorum,

Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

consilil,

Liv. 8, 31, 7:

conjurationis,

id. 9, 26, 7:

caput rei Romanae Camillus,

id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,

id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:

reipublicae,

Tac. A. 1, 13:

nominis Latini,

heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:

belli,

id. 45, 7, 3:

Suevorum,

chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:

capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,

Liv. 10, 1, 3.—

With esse and dat.:

ego caput fui argento reperiundo,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:

illic est huic rei caput,

author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—

Absol.:

urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

corpori valido caput deerat,

guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:

esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,

id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;

thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,

head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:

pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,

Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:

Romam caput Latio esse,

id. 8, 4, 5; and:

brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,

id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:

castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,

the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:

jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,

the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

patrimonii publici,

id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,

id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;

ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,

id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:

litterarum,

summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

caput Epicuri,

the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:

a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,

Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:

id quod caput est,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;

opp. usurae),

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

objectus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from obicio.

objectus, ūs, m. [obicio], a casting before, a putting against, in the way, or opposite, an opposing; or, neutr., a lying before or opposite (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose): dare objectum parmaï, the opposing of the shield, * Lucr. 4, 847:

vestis,

Col. 3, 19:

insula portum Efficit objectu laterum,

by the opposition, Verg. A. 1, 160:

cum terga flumine, latera objectu paludis tegerentur,

Tac. H. 3, 9:

molis,

id. ib. 5, 14:

regiones, quae Tauri montis objectu separantur,

Gell. 12, 13, 27:

solem interventu lunae occultari, lunamque terrae objectu,

the interposition, Plin. 2, 10, 7, § 47; cf.: eademque (terra) objectu suo umbram noctemque efficiat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 243, 13 dub. (al. objecta soli):

hi molium objectus (i. e. moles objectas) scandere,

the projection, Tac. A. 14, 8.—

Transf., that which presents itself to the sight, an object, appearance, sight, spectacle, Nep. Hann. 5, 2 (al. objecto).

rĕgĭo, ōnis, f. [rego], a direction, line (rare but class.).

Lit.:

nullā regione viaï Declinare,

Lucr. 2, 249; cf.:

notā excedo regione viarum,

Verg. A. 2, 737:

de rectā regione deflecto,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 176:

haec eadem est nostrae rationis regio et via,

id. ib. 2, 5, 70, § 181; cf.:

oppidi murus ab planitie rectā regione, si nullus anfractus intercederet, MCC. passus aberat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46; and:

non rectā regione iter instituit, sed ad laevam flexit,

Liv. 21, 31:

declinamus item motus nec tempore certo, nec regione loci certā,

nor in a specified direction, Lucr. 2, 260; cf. id. 2, 293; Curt. 8, 9, 2:

(Hercynia silva) rectā fluminis Danubii regione pertinet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 25; 7, 46;

Curt 7, 7, 4: ubi primos superare regionem castrorum animum adverterunt,

the line, Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

eam esse naturam et religionem provinciae tuae, ut, etc.,

i. e. the situation, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

traicere amnem in regionem insulae,

Curt. 8, 13, 23.—

E regione, adverbially.

In a straight line, directly:

e regione moveri (opp. declinare),

Cic. Fat. 9, 18;

so of the rectilinear motion of atoms,

id. ib. 20, 46:

ferri, petere,

id. Fin. 1, 6, 19:

ut cadat e regione loci, quā dirigit aestus,

straight down, perpendicularly, Lucr. 6, 823; cf. id. 6, 833.—

In the opposite direction, over against, exactly opposite; constr. with gen., dat., or absol.

With gen.:

(luna) cum est e regione solis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 40, 103:

erat e regione oppidi collis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 36:

castris positis e regione unius eorum pontium, quos, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 35:

praesidio e regione castrorum relicto,

id. ib. 7, 61 fin.:

rates duplices e regione molis collocabat,

id. B. C. 1, 25:

e regione turris,

id. B. G. 7, 25.—

With dat.: dicitis, esse e regione nobis e contrariā parte terrae, qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

e regione castris castra ponere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 35.—

Absol.:

acie e regione instructā,

Nep. Milt. 5, 3.—

Trop., on the other hand, on the contrary (late Lat.;

syn.: e contra): Arabes camelorum lacte vivunt, e regione septentrionales, etc.,

Hier. adv. Jovin. 2, 7.—

Transf.

The line which bounds the sight, the visual line, boundary-line, boundary (cf: limes, finis).

Primarily in the lang. of augury:

intra eas regiones, quā oculi conspiciant,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll.:

nempe eo (sc. lituo) Romulus regiones direxit tum, cum urbem condidit... ab Attio Navio per lituum regionum facta descriptio,

Cic. Div. 1, 17, 31:

lituus, quo regiones vincere terminavit,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 9:

regionibus ratis,

id. Leg. 2, 8, 21.—

In gen., a boundary-line, limit, boundary; usually in plur.

Lit.:

anteponatur omnibus Pompeius, cujus res gestae atque virtutes iisdem quibus solis cursus regionibus ac terminis continentur,

Cic. Cat. 4, 10, 21; cf.:

caeli regionibus terminare,

id. ib. 3, 11, 26:

orbis terrae regiones,

id. Arch. 10, 23. — Rare in sing.:

quae regione orbem terrarum definiunt,

Cic. Balb. 28, 64.—

Trop.:

ejus (argumenti) nunc regiones, limites, confinia Determinabo,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 45:

animus si, quibus regionibus vitae spatium circumscriptum est, eisdem omnes cogitationes terminaret suas,

Cic. Arch. 11, 29:

pars (quaestionum) circumscripta modicis regionibus,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 68:

vix facile sese regionibus officii continere,

id. Agr. 2, 35, 97. —

A quarter, region of the heavens or the earth (mostly poet.):

(Nilus) exoriens penitus mediā ab regione diei,

Lucr. 6, 723; so id. 6, 732:

etiam regio (lunae mutatur), quae tum est aquilonaris, tum australis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 50:

deinde subter mediam regionem sol obtinet,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

atque eadem regio Vesper et Ortus erunt,

Ov. Ib. 38; cf.

vespertina,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 30;

Vitr 4, 5, 1: caeli in regione serenā,

Verg. A. 8, 528: regione occidentis, Liv 33, 17; Just. 18, 3, 10.—

A portion (of the earth or heavens) of indefinite extent; a tract, territory, region (cf.: tractus, plaga).

Lit.

In gen.:

in hac regione,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 42:

locum delegit in regione pestilenti salubrem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 6, 11:

agri fertilissima regio,

Caes. B. G. 7, 13 fin.:

quā te regione reliqui?

Verg. A. 9, 390:

regione portae Esquilinae,

in the region, neighborhood, Liv. 3, 66 fin. Drak.; 25, 25; 30; 33, 17; cf. Oud. de Auct. B. Alex. 30, 7;

for which: e regione castrorum,

in the vicinity of the camp, Liv. 10, 43 Drak.:

eā regione quā Sergius erat,

id. 5, 8:

tam vasta,

Just. 13, 7, 3:

acclivis,

Col. 3, 13, 8:

deserta siti regio,

Verg. A. 4, 42. — Plur.:

hi loci sunt atque hae regiones, quae mihi ab ero sunt demonstratae,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 1:

cur in his ego te conspicor regionibus?

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 32:

qui innumerabiles mundos infinitasque regiones mente peragravisset,

Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 102:

terrae maximae regiones inhabitabiles,

id. N. D. 1, 10, 24 et saep. —

In partic.

A portion of country of indefinite extent; a territory, province, district, region; esp. freq. in plur., lands, territories:

at regione locoque alio terrisque remotis,

Lucr. 2, 534:

Trebonium ad eam regionem, quae Aduaticis adjacet, depopulandam mittit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

in ejusmodi regione atque provinciā, quae mari cincta esset,

Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

quae regio orave terrarum erat latior?

id. Sest. 30, 66:

regio Pedana,

Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 2:

quorum hominum regio,

id. ib. 1, 15, 2:

Sogdiana,

Curt. 7, 10, 1:

Cantium, quae regio est maritima omnis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 14:

quae regio totius Galliae media habetur,

id. ib. 6, 13: Sida, quae extrema regio est provinciae meae, Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 15, 5:

ubi major atque illustrior incidit res, clamore per agros regionesque significant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 3:

principes regionum atque pagorum inter suos jus dicunt,

id. ib. 6, 23:

alias regiones partesque peteret,

id. ib. 6, 43 fin.; cf.

so with partes,

id. B. C. 1, 25:

deinde in quattuor regiones dividi Macedoniam. Unam fore et primam partem, quod, etc.... Secundam fore regionem, quam, etc.,

Liv. 45, 29:

quod erant propinquae regiones,

Caes. B. C. 3, 34:

ut quam latissimas regiones praesidiis teneret,

id. ib. 3, 44. — Sometimes a district with its people: tractus ille celeberrimus, tota denique nostra illa aspera et montuosa et felix et fautrix suorum regio, Cic. Planc. 9, 22.—

A principal division of the city of Rome, and of the territory around Rome, a quarter, ward, district, circle (of these, under Servius Tullius, there were in the city four, and in the Roman territory twenty-six; under Augustus, there were fourteen in the city), Laelius Felix ap. Gell. 15, 27, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Varr. ap. Non. 43, 10; Suet. Aug. 30; Tac. A. 14, 12; 15, 40; Inscr. Orell. 4 sq. et saep.; cf.

Niebuhr, Gesch. 1, p. 458 sq.: regio quaedam urbis aeternae,

Amm. 22, 9, 3; 16, 10, 15.—

Of other cities,

Inscr. Orell. 6, 768.—Hence, A REGIONIBVS, a captain of a quarter, Inscr. Murat. 894, 8; 895, 4 and 5.—

Of the provinces into which Italy was divided by Augustus, a province, division:

descriptionem ab eo (Augusto) factum Italiae totius in regiones undecim,

Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 46; 3, 11, 16, § 99; 3, 12, 17, § 106 al.—

Trop., a province, department, sphere:

dum in regionem astutiarum mearum te induco, ut scias Juxta mecum mea consilia,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 78; 3, 3, 13:

idque (consilium) situm mediā regione in pectoris haeret,

Lucr. 3, 140: ceterae fere artes se ipsae per se tuentur singulae;

benedicere autem non habet definitam aliquam regionem, cujus terminis saepta teneatur,

has no determinate province, Cic. de Or. 2, 2, 5:

eadem est nostrae rationis regio et via,

compass and course, id. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 181. —

The country, the field (late Lat.):

herba regionis,

Vulg. Gen. 2, 5:

ligna,

id. Ezech. 17, 24;

id. Joel, 1, 19: bestiae,

id. Ezech. 31, 13.

strāges, is, f. [sterno, II. B.], a throwing down, throwing to the ground, overthrowing; an overthrow; confusion, confused heap or mass (cf.: acervus, strues; not freq. till after the Aug. per., esp. in Liv.; not in Cæs.).

Lit.

In gen.

With gen.:

strage armorum saepta via est,

Liv. 35, 30:

nemorum,

Sil. 3, 205:

ruinae,

Liv. 42, 63:

minarum,

id. 37, 32:

aedificiorum et hominum,

Tac. A. 1, 76:

obstantis molis,

id. H. 1, 86:

rerum in trepidatione nocturna passim relictarum,

Liv. 10, 34:

boum hominumque,

id. 41, 21:

canum volucrumque aviumque boumque,

Ov. M. 7, 536:

exercituum,

Val. Max. 6, 6, ext. 1.—

Absol.:

dabit ille (nimbus) ruinas Arboribus stragemque satis,

Verg. A. 12, 454:

atrox tempestas multis locis stragem fecit,

Liv. 40, 2:

strage ac ruinā fudere Gallos,

id. 5, 43; cf. id. 4, 33.—

Pregn., a mortal overthrow; a defeat, slaughter, massacre, butchery, carnage (syn.: caedes, clades): stragem horribilem caedemque vereri, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 12, 20; so (with caedes) Tac. A. 14, 36; Just. 10, 3, 1; Val. Max. 5, 6, 5; cf.:

quantas acies stragemque ciebunt!

Verg. A. 6, 829:

confusae stragis acervus,

id. ib. 6, 504:

complere strage campos,

Liv. 7, 24.—In plur.:

strages facere,

Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 31:

strages edere,

id. Leg. 3, 9, 22; id. Att. 1, 16, 1; Verg. A. 9, 526; 9, 784; Just. 33, 2, 2; cf.

also II.: cruentae,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 132.—

Trop., overthrow, ruin, destruction:

quas ego pugnas et quantas strages edidi!

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 1.